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Yom Teruah
"Feast of Trumpets"
“Rosh Hashanah” in Modern Judaism
(Leviticus 23:23-26, Numbers 29:1–6)
Season: September/October
Original
Significance
A solemn assembly
when trumpets are
blown as a “remembrance.”
Remembering: Adonai is Creator, King, and Judge
Prophetic
Significance
Israel’s Messiah will once again sit on the Davidic Throne.
The End of Israel’s Exile.
The Resurrection that will bring judgment on the whole world
Biblical
Promise
Psalm 47
Jeremiah 32:37
Zachariah 9:14
Daniel 7:13-14, 18, 27; 12:1-3
Fulfillment
in Messiah
Yeshua is the Davidic King who will return to resurrect the righteous and rule the nations
Luke 1:32-33
Matthew 24:29-31
1 Corinthians 15:25
1 Thessalonians 4:16–17
Revelation 11:15-17
Yom Kippur
"Day of Atonement"
(Leviticus 16:1–34; 23: 26-32, Numbers 29:7–11)
Season: September/October (10 days after Yom Teruah)
Original
Significance
A solemn assembly
A Day of repentance and forgiveness performed by the High Priest alone on behalf of all the people.
The High Priest places the curse of sin and death on the “Azazel” which is then banished and destroyed.
Prophetic
Significance
Adonai’s people will be forgiven by one Atonement for all time
Adonai will fulfill His promise from Gen 3 to bring justice on the head of Satan
Biblical
Promise
Genesis 3:15
Jeremiah 31:30-33
Zechariah 12:10; 13:1
Fulfillment
in Messiah
Yeshua is the greater High Priest who brought atonement at His first coming and will bring Judgment with His Return
Hebrews 1:3; 7:23-28; 8:1-6; 9:1-28; 10:1-23
1 Cor. 15:25-26
Revelation 20:7-10, 14
Sukkot
"Feast of Booths"
(Leviticus 23:33-42, Numbers 29:12-38, Deuteronomy 16:13-15)
Season: September/October (5 days after Yom Kippur, 7 days of dwelling in booths; 8th Day Festival)
Original
Significance
Joyful harvest
Celebration and memorial of dwelling in the wilderness
Temple worship established
Prophetic
Significance
All peoples brought
under the rulership of the King Messiah
Temple is the place where Adonai and His people dwell together.
Biblical
Promise
1 Kings 8:2
Ezra 3:4
Nehemiah 8:18
Hag. 2:1-9
Zechariah 14:16-21
Fulfillment
in Messiah
Yeshua’s Thousand Year Reign and the New Jerusalem
John 7:37-39;
Revelation 20:4-5; 21:1-7; 22:1-5
Pesach
Passover
(Exodus 12:1-13; 21-28; 43-51; Leviticus 23:4-5; Deuteronomy 16:1–8)
Season: March/April; Seder: Evening ending the 14th Nisan/Abib
(2nd Passover: 14th of Iyar/Ziv - Num. 9:1–14)
Original
Significance
The first of three Pilgrimage
festivals held in Jerusalem
Redemption from bondage in Egypt and the birth of the Hebrew national identity
Prophetic
Significance
The release from exile and return to the “promise” land is seen as a 2nd Exodus throughout the Prophets.
Since Israel’s Exile is the result of their sin, Salvation (rescue) from Sin is understood as the end of Exile.
Biblical
Promise
Isaiah 11:15-16; Isaiah 43:16-19
Isaiah Chps 63-65
Jeremiah 23:3-8
Hosea 11:1
Micah 7:15
Fulfillment
in Messiah
Yeshua was crucified as the Passover lambs were being sacrificed
Believers are redeemed from bondage of sin through Messiah’s Death
John 19:28-37
Romans 6:16-18
1 Corinthians 5:7
2 Corinthians 5:21
1 Peter 1:18–19
Chag Mazot
"Feast of Unleavened Bread"
(Ex. 12:14-20; 13:1-16; 34:18-21; Lev. 23:6-8; Deut. 16:3–4; 8; Num. 28:17–25)
Season: March/April
(Holy convocations on 1st and 7th day; i.e.15th and 21st of Nissan)
Original
Significance
Mazot - Yeast-less bread
Hametz - Yeast
Consecration and Redemption of the Hebrew firstborn
Bread of Affliction: Remembering the cost of Redemption - The death of the Firstborn
Prophetic
Significance
God’s people are to live lives in distinction from the cultures around them (i.e.. Not participating in their sin and immorality)
The God of the Hebrews has the power to judge and redeem any nation, so His people must search out and remove the sin in their lives.
Biblical
Promise
Psalms 78:1-8; 41-64;
Amos 4
Isaiah 19
Fulfillment
in Messiah
All believers in
Messiah cleansed from sin and empowered to walk in newness of life
Romans 6:10-14
Followers of Messiah are called to “Get rid of the old Hametz” and “Celebrate the Feast…in sincerity and truth.” Because they have been “bought with a price”
1 Corinthians 5/6
HaBikkurim
"Feast of Firstfuits"
(Ex. 23:16; 19; Lev. 23:9-14)
Season: March/April (“On the morning after the Shabbat” of Passover)
Original
Significance
Thanksgiving for the upcoming grain harvest
The promise of the harvest to come (first of the grain presented to God
Prophetic
Significance
The entire Jewish nation is seen as YHWH chosen representatives, called out from the nations to serve and worship Him. But the day will come when all people come and worship YWHW.
Biblical
Promise
Isaiah 2:2-4;
Isaiah 42:6–7;
Isaiah 49:6;
Isaiah 56:1-8;
Jeremiah 2:3;
Ezekiel 37:1-14
Daniel 12:2
Fulfillment
in Messiah
Messiah’s Resurrection
John 19:16–37
Romans 6:3-5
1 Corinthians 15:20, 22
People of Messiah
Romans 11:16-17
James 1:18